We know this to be true: When the Infinity Stones work together, their individual powers are exponentially enhanced, and when all six are combined they can instantly wipe out half of all life in the universe. Recently though, Infinity War's VFX supervisor Dan DeLeeuw revealed to Inverse that the Power Stone was responsible for the infamous "blipping" that turned the Mad Titan's victims into dust. When you see how that purple rock ripped apart flesh and manipulated matter in the first Guardians of the Galaxy, it makes sense that the Power Stone was the one Thanos used to instantly incinerate his victims.
But if one specific stone in the gauntlet had one specific job during the "Snapture," what were the others doing? How did each one contribute to Thanos's grand dusting? Based on what we know about the abilities of each Infinity Stone, and what took place in the moments after Thanos snapped his fingers, here's how we think they all contributed to the film's conclusion.
Mind Stone (yellow)
The final stone Thanos got his giant hands on when he ripped it from Vision's head was the Mind Stone. It gives its user powerful mental capabilities, including reaching a higher plane of consciousness and controlling the minds of others. When Thanos placed it in the Gauntlet, he transcended his mortal existence and became a literal god with the power to create and destroy life at will. This was also how he made his dusting arbitrary--the stone determined that for him. Perhaps this is the same concept as god being omnipotent but also giving Adam and Eve free will.
Time Stone (green)
Thanos told Doctor Strange it would be "mercy" to kill half of all life in the universe in an instant, but with planets separated by billions of light years that isn't possible without the Time Stone. The Mad Titan can freeze time everywhere, regardless of relativity, so all of those deaths happened at roughly the same exact moment.
Reality Stone (red)
Thanos showed off the power of the Reality Stone on Knowhere when he tricked the Guardians, and he relied on it multiple times during the fight on Titan. It's so powerful the VFX team considering using it as the reason for the actual "dusting" (along with the Soul Stone). But when Thanos snapped his fingers, he didn't change reality in the same manner as he did earlier in the movie. He just made the reality we already knew worse.
Space Stone (blue)
The Mad Titan's plan involved the entire universe, but... :checks notes:...space is big. That's not an issue for whomever wields the Space Stone though. It lets its user be anywhere in an instant by opening up a portal. That's how Loki brought the Chitauri fleet into New York City.
Soul Stone (orange)
Most of what we know about the Soul Stone still comes from Marvel comics. It can manipulate all living souls, and that's why it exacts such a price to possess it. The entire point of collecting all of the stones was to kill half of all lives in the universe, but while the Mind Stone took his victims' will to live, and the Power Stone took their bodies, the Soul Stone took something else entirely.
Images: Marvel